EXPLORE

Article

AI Deep Dive Part 2: Data Privacy Concerns

Arete Analysis

Cybersecurity 101

A few weeks ago, Arete’s Threat Intelligence team outlined the history of artificial intelligence (AI). Today, we continue that conversation, exploring data privacy concerns associated with AI tools. AI use cases are often showcased to consumers without warning of potential dangers in their application. When a service is free, your data is often the cost of entry.

Today, we dive into three key elements of data privacy concerns in AI:

  • What information are you exposing publicly?

  • What data are you putting into AI applications?

  • And finally, how are you storing your data? 

Operations Security (OPSEC): What information are you exposing publicly?

The public release of information can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. Classification by compilation, in which a series of seemingly harmless pieces of information are pieced together in open source, leading to exposure of proprietary, sensitive information, gives credence to the age-old saying, “Loose lips sink ships.”

You may be wondering what this has to do with AI. Any information posted publicly can be used by developers to train AI algorithms. This could lead organizations to aid their competitors indirectly, should they choose to use the same AI platforms. An example of this is a 2023 lawsuit filed by artists against a number of companies that own AI image-generating tools. The artists argued that the AI companies used their art to train algorithms without the artists being properly compensated. The court ultimately ruled against the artists, demonstrating that it is extremely difficult to prove what data was used to train AI algorithms.

What data are you putting into AI applications?

As the use of AI continues to expand, users should carefully consider what data they are exposing. When using popular public-facing AI platforms, such as those created by OpenAI, Microsoft, and Amazon, users must be aware of the type of data they input. Sensitive data, including client information, PII, and trade secrets, should not be used to prompt public-facing AI tools. Inputs into these tools are used to further train the algorithm and develop these tools.

How are you storing your data?

When an organization decides to create or collaborate on a new AI model, large amounts of data are required to train it. When considering where to store such data, cloud storage appears as an attractive option. However, it is also important to consider the options and risks associated with data storage.

One example of such risk is the May 2024 data breach suffered by cloud-based data storage company Snowflake.

The threat actor responsible for the breach, UNC5537, subsequently extorted Snowflake, leading to at least $2.7 million in ransom payments for data suppression. This attack was primarily driven by compromised credentials without MFA, demonstrating the need for organizations to not only assess their third-party risk exposure but also continually implement security best practices.

Conclusion

AI is a powerful tool for organizations looking to enable employees to work within their strengths and increase efficiency. However, the improper use of AI can have disastrous effects. It is important for organizations to develop policies and training on the implementation and use of AI to set employees up for success and ensure the security of their environments. Tune in next week for the final installment of Arete’s AI Deep Dive: Understanding Biases & How Threat Actors Use AI.

Sources

Back to Blog Posts

Article

Europol Disrupts AudiA6 Crypto Laundering Service

European authorities have dismantled AudiA6, a major cryptocurrency laundering service linked to ransomware groups and broader cybercriminal networks. Between 2022 and 2025, the platform is believed to have processed over €336 million in illicit funds, enabling threat actors to obscure financial trails and monetize cybercrime proceeds. Its operators are also suspected of running Dark2Web, a dark web forum that facilitated collaboration, services, and connections among cybercriminals globally. This development underscores the expanding role of sophisticated, large-scale cryptocurrency laundering services in sustaining the cybercrime economy, enabling threat actors to obscure illicit funds and evade regulatory controls.

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Following law enforcement disruption of Cryptex and Garantex, AudiA6 emerged as another platform involved in financial activities linked to ransomware groups. Investigators believe that AudiA6 became a central hub for cybercriminals seeking to launder stolen digital assets while obscuring the transaction trail from authorities.

  • On June 10, 2026, a coordinated operation resulted in two arrests in Georgia, the dismantling of key infrastructure (30+ servers, 25 domains), the freezing or seizure of over €778,000 in crypto, and the takedown of the AudiA6 and Dark2Web platforms. 

Analyst Comments

Ransomware groups and cybercriminal networks are increasingly leveraging sophisticated techniques, including chain-hopping, decentralized exchanges, and mixer-as-a-service platforms, to rapidly move illicit cryptocurrency across multiple blockchains, effectively obscuring transaction trails. Concurrently, the widespread use of fraudulent exchange accounts, mule wallets, and privacy-enhancing tools has elevated cryptocurrency laundering to a core enabler of the cybercrime ecosystem, allowing actors to bypass anti-money-laundering controls at scale. This investigation identified over 6,000 KYC records linked to money-mule accounts, many of which were tied to Russian-speaking intermediaries specifically recruited to facilitate the movement of illicit proceeds. These threat actors systematically used both commercial and domain-controlled email services to establish mule accounts across multiple cryptocurrency platforms. Collectively, these findings underscore the growing scale, coordination, and professionalization of cryptocurrency-enabled crime, highlighting the critical need for sustained, intelligence-led, and internationally coordinated efforts to disrupt these evolving financial ecosystems.

Sources

  • Ransomware gangs cut off from EUR 336 million ‘AudiA6’ crypto laundering pipeline

Article

Threat Actors Leverage AI for EDR Evasion

A threat actor has developed and deployed a ransomware attack toolkit enhanced with AI-assisted development workflows, enabling automated Active Directory (AD) discovery and improved EDR evasion capabilities. The toolkit leverages agent-based AI systems, such as Claude’s Opus and Cursor agents, for iterative malware development, testing, and refinement. 

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Researchers have highlighted that this toolkit can not only generate ransomware code but also bypass sophisticated security defenses and identify AD networks for malware distribution. 

  • The framework incorporates multiple capabilities, including automated AD discovery and reconnaissance mechanisms, iterative EDR testing environments to refine evasion techniques, and a command-and-control (C2) infrastructure that leverages Telegram APIs and Cloudflare redirectors for stealth. 

  • Additionally, some agents were tasked with checking security research and technical posts for various bypass techniques. The agents recognized what was required for reproduction, extracted the techniques, mapped them to the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base of adversary behaviors, set up a test lab, carried out the methodology, and reported the results. 

  • After a few repetitions, the modules seemed to avoid nearly all EDR solutions, despite the agent’s initial suggestion of a high failure rate. Although researchers found no evidence that AI was embedded in deployed malware or was operating independently in victim environments, the technology was still used to accelerate the iterative process of developing, testing, and refining payloads against security products, shortening the period between the publication of offensive security research and its practical implementation by threat actors. 

Analyst Comments 

AI-driven tools like this could accelerate the pace and sophistication of ransomware attacks, enabling even relatively inexperienced actors to launch high-impact campaigns. This development underscores the urgent need for security solutions to adapt to AI-assisted threats. Organizations must respond by strengthening detection engineering, improving visibility across environments, and maintaining robust security fundamentals.  

Sources 

  • AI-built ransomware toolkit automates EDR evasion, AD discovery  

  • Pointing a Cursor at evading detection

Article

Arete's 2026 Q1 Crimeware Report

Harness Arete’s unique data and expertise on extortion and ransomware to inform your response to the evolving threat landscape.

Article

CMS Vulnerability Leads to ClickFix Campaign

Threat actors compromised at least 700 education and technology websites in a recent ClickFix campaign by exploiting a critical SQL injection flaw (CVE-2026-26980) in the Ghost content management system (CMS). Adversaries combined the vulnerability with the ClickFix social engineering tactic to steal admin keys and inject a malicious JavaScript that delivers a fake Cloudflare or CAPTCHA verification pop-up, tricking victims into copying and pasting a malicious command into their systems.

What’s Notable and Unique

  • Rather than targeting the end user first, this campaign is unique in its initial exploitation of the system, followed by social engineering attempts. This hybrid attack style is likely being leveraged to bypass traditional defenses.

  • This recent campaign also highlights how trusted web properties can be weaponized at scale and coupled with unpatched CMS vulnerabilities. Rather than using the CMS compromise to perpetrate a single attack, threat actors turned it into a supply-chain attack that ultimately affected over 700 trusted websites.

Analyst Comments

As network defenders and their tools enhance threat detection capabilities, adversaries increasingly seek methods to bypass these defenses. By combining vulnerability exploitation, social engineering techniques, and staging for ancillary attacks, this campaign successfully bypassed traditional defenses and inflicted significant impact. Defending against hybrid cyberattacks requires comprehensive security controls beyond simply patching vulnerabilities. Organizations should focus on limiting movement within the environment, detecting abuse of trusted applications, and preventing end-user manipulation.

Sources

  • 700+ education and tech websites hijacked in huge ClickFix malware campaign

  • Under the engineering hood: Why Malwarebytes chose WordPress as its CMS

  • Think before you Click(Fix): Analyzing the ClickFix social engineering technique

  • Ghost CMS Vulnerability Exploited to Infect 700 Sites With ClickFix Malware