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AKO Ransomware – Analysis

Arete Analysis

Summary

Since January 2020, Arete’s Incident Response (IR) team has responded to various AKO ransomware engagements against organizations in the finance, healthcare, and manufacturing sectors. Below we share observations on AKO’s ransom demands, initial access vectors, and operating model, as well as recommendations to protect against cyber threats like AKO.

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Statistical Data on AKO ransomware from Arete’s metrics

The information listed below is based on AKO cases investigated by Arete IR since January 2020. Our IR and Data Analytics practices work together to track key data points for every ransomware engagement. Our IR practice tracks data points on the ransomware variant and collects statistics based on handled engagements:

Arete has responded to AKO cases since January 2020 in the Finance, Healthcare, and Manufacturing sectors 

  • The average ransom demand is 8 BTC 

  • The maximum ransom demand paid in US dollars has been $150,000 

  • The minimum ransom demand paid in US dollars has been $2,000 

  • Data exfiltration was observed in incidents involving the Healthcare sector 

  • The major infection vector has been Remote Access (RDP) at 67% of the time 

Background

AKO ransomware has been around since at least January 2020 and is distributed via a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS), which mirrors the software-as-a-service (SaaS) model offered by legitimate vendors. Like SaaS, RaaS is offered via cloud-based sub- scription models for a subscription fee and several RaaS groups use a partner, or franchise-like, structure. This structure is where the RaaS operator keeps a percentage of commission from every victim infected through their partners and pays the rest of the extorted funds to the partner or “franchise owner.” What makes the RaaS model so appealing and lucrative is they are specifically built to be easy to use and deploy. Typically, RaaS variants employ a portal where the partner only needs to download the ransom- ware, with no development or coding skills required. Most RaaS models even provide a fully staffed technical and customer support service, like you would find with a legitimate SaaS offering. The support is meant to help the franchise owner or partner get off the ground with their ransomware campaign.  

There are various blogs 1-2 that have been written on AKO ransomware, so we will not go into detail in this section. In some of these reports, the malware was observed encrypting files on Windows systems and adding a .m9V742 files extension, Windows Defender is stopped, and the registry modified to prevent the antivirus software from starting again. Some antivirus tools detect the malware as MedusaLocker or MedusaReborn, but the AKO ransomware operators deny association with MedusaLocker and say that AKO is their own product. The threat actors also confirmed that it is part of their job to steal data from the compromised networks.

At the time of this writing, no known free decryptors for this ransomware variant were available.

Recommendations

  • Install an Endpoint Detection and Response solution with the capability to halt detected processes and isolate systems on the network, based on identified conditions

  • Block any known attacker C2s in the firewall

  • Implement a system enforced password policy to force users into changing passwords at least every 90 days

  • Implement multifactor authentication on RDP and VPN access

  • If not needed, eliminate vulnerable RDP ports exposed to the internet

  • Block a high number of SMB connection attempts from one system to others in the network over a short period of time

  • Perform dark web monitoring periodically to verify if data from the organization is available for sale in the black market

  • Perform penetration tests

  • Periodically patch systems and update tools

  • Monitor connections to the network from suspicious locations

  • Monitor downloads & uploads of files to file sharing services over non-standard hours, not commonly used in the organization

  • Monitor uploads of files from domain controllers to the internet

  • Monitor network scans from uncommon servers (e.g. RDP server)

Sources

Back to Blog Posts

Article

Europol Disrupts AudiA6 Crypto Laundering Service

European authorities have dismantled AudiA6, a major cryptocurrency laundering service linked to ransomware groups and broader cybercriminal networks. Between 2022 and 2025, the platform is believed to have processed over €336 million in illicit funds, enabling threat actors to obscure financial trails and monetize cybercrime proceeds. Its operators are also suspected of running Dark2Web, a dark web forum that facilitated collaboration, services, and connections among cybercriminals globally. This development underscores the expanding role of sophisticated, large-scale cryptocurrency laundering services in sustaining the cybercrime economy, enabling threat actors to obscure illicit funds and evade regulatory controls.

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Following law enforcement disruption of Cryptex and Garantex, AudiA6 emerged as another platform involved in financial activities linked to ransomware groups. Investigators believe that AudiA6 became a central hub for cybercriminals seeking to launder stolen digital assets while obscuring the transaction trail from authorities.

  • On June 10, 2026, a coordinated operation resulted in two arrests in Georgia, the dismantling of key infrastructure (30+ servers, 25 domains), the freezing or seizure of over €778,000 in crypto, and the takedown of the AudiA6 and Dark2Web platforms. 

Analyst Comments

Ransomware groups and cybercriminal networks are increasingly leveraging sophisticated techniques, including chain-hopping, decentralized exchanges, and mixer-as-a-service platforms, to rapidly move illicit cryptocurrency across multiple blockchains, effectively obscuring transaction trails. Concurrently, the widespread use of fraudulent exchange accounts, mule wallets, and privacy-enhancing tools has elevated cryptocurrency laundering to a core enabler of the cybercrime ecosystem, allowing actors to bypass anti-money-laundering controls at scale. This investigation identified over 6,000 KYC records linked to money-mule accounts, many of which were tied to Russian-speaking intermediaries specifically recruited to facilitate the movement of illicit proceeds. These threat actors systematically used both commercial and domain-controlled email services to establish mule accounts across multiple cryptocurrency platforms. Collectively, these findings underscore the growing scale, coordination, and professionalization of cryptocurrency-enabled crime, highlighting the critical need for sustained, intelligence-led, and internationally coordinated efforts to disrupt these evolving financial ecosystems.

Sources

  • Ransomware gangs cut off from EUR 336 million ‘AudiA6’ crypto laundering pipeline

Article

Threat Actors Leverage AI for EDR Evasion

A threat actor has developed and deployed a ransomware attack toolkit enhanced with AI-assisted development workflows, enabling automated Active Directory (AD) discovery and improved EDR evasion capabilities. The toolkit leverages agent-based AI systems, such as Claude’s Opus and Cursor agents, for iterative malware development, testing, and refinement. 

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Researchers have highlighted that this toolkit can not only generate ransomware code but also bypass sophisticated security defenses and identify AD networks for malware distribution. 

  • The framework incorporates multiple capabilities, including automated AD discovery and reconnaissance mechanisms, iterative EDR testing environments to refine evasion techniques, and a command-and-control (C2) infrastructure that leverages Telegram APIs and Cloudflare redirectors for stealth. 

  • Additionally, some agents were tasked with checking security research and technical posts for various bypass techniques. The agents recognized what was required for reproduction, extracted the techniques, mapped them to the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base of adversary behaviors, set up a test lab, carried out the methodology, and reported the results. 

  • After a few repetitions, the modules seemed to avoid nearly all EDR solutions, despite the agent’s initial suggestion of a high failure rate. Although researchers found no evidence that AI was embedded in deployed malware or was operating independently in victim environments, the technology was still used to accelerate the iterative process of developing, testing, and refining payloads against security products, shortening the period between the publication of offensive security research and its practical implementation by threat actors. 

Analyst Comments 

AI-driven tools like this could accelerate the pace and sophistication of ransomware attacks, enabling even relatively inexperienced actors to launch high-impact campaigns. This development underscores the urgent need for security solutions to adapt to AI-assisted threats. Organizations must respond by strengthening detection engineering, improving visibility across environments, and maintaining robust security fundamentals.  

Sources 

  • AI-built ransomware toolkit automates EDR evasion, AD discovery  

  • Pointing a Cursor at evading detection

Article

Arete's 2026 Q1 Crimeware Report

Harness Arete’s unique data and expertise on extortion and ransomware to inform your response to the evolving threat landscape.

Article

CMS Vulnerability Leads to ClickFix Campaign

Threat actors compromised at least 700 education and technology websites in a recent ClickFix campaign by exploiting a critical SQL injection flaw (CVE-2026-26980) in the Ghost content management system (CMS). Adversaries combined the vulnerability with the ClickFix social engineering tactic to steal admin keys and inject a malicious JavaScript that delivers a fake Cloudflare or CAPTCHA verification pop-up, tricking victims into copying and pasting a malicious command into their systems.

What’s Notable and Unique

  • Rather than targeting the end user first, this campaign is unique in its initial exploitation of the system, followed by social engineering attempts. This hybrid attack style is likely being leveraged to bypass traditional defenses.

  • This recent campaign also highlights how trusted web properties can be weaponized at scale and coupled with unpatched CMS vulnerabilities. Rather than using the CMS compromise to perpetrate a single attack, threat actors turned it into a supply-chain attack that ultimately affected over 700 trusted websites.

Analyst Comments

As network defenders and their tools enhance threat detection capabilities, adversaries increasingly seek methods to bypass these defenses. By combining vulnerability exploitation, social engineering techniques, and staging for ancillary attacks, this campaign successfully bypassed traditional defenses and inflicted significant impact. Defending against hybrid cyberattacks requires comprehensive security controls beyond simply patching vulnerabilities. Organizations should focus on limiting movement within the environment, detecting abuse of trusted applications, and preventing end-user manipulation.

Sources

  • 700+ education and tech websites hijacked in huge ClickFix malware campaign

  • Under the engineering hood: Why Malwarebytes chose WordPress as its CMS

  • Think before you Click(Fix): Analyzing the ClickFix social engineering technique

  • Ghost CMS Vulnerability Exploited to Infect 700 Sites With ClickFix Malware