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ALPHV/BlackCat Disruption: Operations Resume

Cyber Threats

Combating Ransomware

Threat Actors

Despite law enforcement’s disruption to ALPHV/BlackCat’s infrastructure in December 2023, the group has since resumed operations. As Arete previously reported, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) seized the ransomware group’s data leak site (DLS) on December 19, 2023, and obtained victim-specific decryption keys for over 500 ALPHV victims. Before this, the TOR chat sites used to communicate with victims also went offline in early December, causing some affiliates to resort to alternative means of communication, such as Tox chats and email correspondence, to continue efforts to extort money from their victims.

Interestingly, in January 2023 when the FBI infiltrated Hive ransomware’s operations, they gained access to the group’s servers and decryption keys and successfully shut down Hive’s data leak site, negotiation site, and web panels. This ultimately forced the group to cease operating under the Hive brand after the takedown. It remains to be seen whether ALPHV will suffer a similar fate.

What has happened from December 2023 through January 2024?

Unlike the Hive breach, the impact of this recent law enforcement operation against ALPHV seems to have only temporarily disrupted their infrastructure. Arete observed that the group is resuming normal operations.

  • After the FBI posted a notice on ALPHV’s data leak site stating it had been seized, the ransomware group briefly regained control of the URL and posted that the site had been “unseized.” The group reportedly retained access to the keys used to operate the DLS and used that access to point visitors to a new DLS that appears fully controlled by ALPHV. ALPHV claimed that the FBI only impacted a portion of its operations.

  • ALPHV began circulating a new URL for their data leak site shortly after the FBI seizure and has posted new victims since December 13, 2023. Although most of the victim content before law enforcement’s action is no longer on their dark web page, the group has continued to add to the new leak site, with over 20 victims posted as of January 16, 2024. The number of victims on the site continues to fluctuate as ALPHV negotiates with victims.

  • In response to the actions of law enforcement, the group posted new rules, allowing affiliates to target any organization outside of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), including hospitals and critical infrastructure. The new rules also stated that discounts on ransom demands would no longer be given.


Figure 1 Image of Updated ALPHV rules. Image Source

  • Since the FBI announcement, Arete observed ALPHV continuing standard ransom communications with its victims contrary to their claims to have changed the rules for affiliates. In late December, the group began using their private TOR chats again to communicate with victims. The new ransom notes include language and naming conventions different from the ones sent to victims before the law enforcement operation. However, the private TOR chats remain the same, displaying a timer and listing a discount price and full price, along with Bitcoin and Monero wallets showing an additional 15% added if payment is in Bitcoin.


Image of ALPHV’s New Data Leak Site

Arete’s Observations

Although the FBI’s operations against ALPHV in December 2023 caused noticeable disruptions to the ransomware group’s ability to operate, law enforcement appeared unable to permanently shut down ALPHV’s infrastructure or operational capabilities, unlike prior law enforcement actions against groups like Hive or REvil. ALPHV appears to be trying to resume its activities in the same manner as before the disruption, reestablishing its data leak site and communicating with new victims on the group’s private TOR sites.

The group’s threats and newly imposed rules appear aimed at projecting strength in the face of the FBI breach rather than representing authentic internal policy changes that affiliates genuinely comply with. Since ALPHV made its public statement in December, Arete observed the group continuing to conduct extortion communications as they did before the disruption, with affiliates still offering discounted prices and showing a willingness to negotiate. While it is too soon to know if there will be a corresponding uptick in attacks against hospitals and critical infrastructure, Arete assesses this would be counterproductive if the group intends to continue operating under the ALPHV/BlackCat brand. The group was already known for attacking the healthcare industry, and future attacks against high-profile targets would lead to even greater attention from law enforcement.

Although ALPHV has been trying to salvage its reputation and resume operations, it is too early to assess whether the group will be able to continue operating as it did prior to law enforcement’s intervention. The knowledge that law enforcement is actively targeting ALPHV will likely deter some affiliates from continuing to work with the group, potentially leading some affiliates to accept active recruitment offers from other Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) groups like LockBit. Even as ALPHV continues to operate, the group may eventually rebrand itself under a different name to complicate further action by law enforcement.

Sources

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Europol Disrupts AudiA6 Crypto Laundering Service

European authorities have dismantled AudiA6, a major cryptocurrency laundering service linked to ransomware groups and broader cybercriminal networks. Between 2022 and 2025, the platform is believed to have processed over €336 million in illicit funds, enabling threat actors to obscure financial trails and monetize cybercrime proceeds. Its operators are also suspected of running Dark2Web, a dark web forum that facilitated collaboration, services, and connections among cybercriminals globally. This development underscores the expanding role of sophisticated, large-scale cryptocurrency laundering services in sustaining the cybercrime economy, enabling threat actors to obscure illicit funds and evade regulatory controls.

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Following law enforcement disruption of Cryptex and Garantex, AudiA6 emerged as another platform involved in financial activities linked to ransomware groups. Investigators believe that AudiA6 became a central hub for cybercriminals seeking to launder stolen digital assets while obscuring the transaction trail from authorities.

  • On June 10, 2026, a coordinated operation resulted in two arrests in Georgia, the dismantling of key infrastructure (30+ servers, 25 domains), the freezing or seizure of over €778,000 in crypto, and the takedown of the AudiA6 and Dark2Web platforms. 

Analyst Comments

Ransomware groups and cybercriminal networks are increasingly leveraging sophisticated techniques, including chain-hopping, decentralized exchanges, and mixer-as-a-service platforms, to rapidly move illicit cryptocurrency across multiple blockchains, effectively obscuring transaction trails. Concurrently, the widespread use of fraudulent exchange accounts, mule wallets, and privacy-enhancing tools has elevated cryptocurrency laundering to a core enabler of the cybercrime ecosystem, allowing actors to bypass anti-money-laundering controls at scale. This investigation identified over 6,000 KYC records linked to money-mule accounts, many of which were tied to Russian-speaking intermediaries specifically recruited to facilitate the movement of illicit proceeds. These threat actors systematically used both commercial and domain-controlled email services to establish mule accounts across multiple cryptocurrency platforms. Collectively, these findings underscore the growing scale, coordination, and professionalization of cryptocurrency-enabled crime, highlighting the critical need for sustained, intelligence-led, and internationally coordinated efforts to disrupt these evolving financial ecosystems.

Sources

  • Ransomware gangs cut off from EUR 336 million ‘AudiA6’ crypto laundering pipeline

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Threat Actors Leverage AI for EDR Evasion

A threat actor has developed and deployed a ransomware attack toolkit enhanced with AI-assisted development workflows, enabling automated Active Directory (AD) discovery and improved EDR evasion capabilities. The toolkit leverages agent-based AI systems, such as Claude’s Opus and Cursor agents, for iterative malware development, testing, and refinement. 

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Researchers have highlighted that this toolkit can not only generate ransomware code but also bypass sophisticated security defenses and identify AD networks for malware distribution. 

  • The framework incorporates multiple capabilities, including automated AD discovery and reconnaissance mechanisms, iterative EDR testing environments to refine evasion techniques, and a command-and-control (C2) infrastructure that leverages Telegram APIs and Cloudflare redirectors for stealth. 

  • Additionally, some agents were tasked with checking security research and technical posts for various bypass techniques. The agents recognized what was required for reproduction, extracted the techniques, mapped them to the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base of adversary behaviors, set up a test lab, carried out the methodology, and reported the results. 

  • After a few repetitions, the modules seemed to avoid nearly all EDR solutions, despite the agent’s initial suggestion of a high failure rate. Although researchers found no evidence that AI was embedded in deployed malware or was operating independently in victim environments, the technology was still used to accelerate the iterative process of developing, testing, and refining payloads against security products, shortening the period between the publication of offensive security research and its practical implementation by threat actors. 

Analyst Comments 

AI-driven tools like this could accelerate the pace and sophistication of ransomware attacks, enabling even relatively inexperienced actors to launch high-impact campaigns. This development underscores the urgent need for security solutions to adapt to AI-assisted threats. Organizations must respond by strengthening detection engineering, improving visibility across environments, and maintaining robust security fundamentals.  

Sources 

  • AI-built ransomware toolkit automates EDR evasion, AD discovery  

  • Pointing a Cursor at evading detection

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Arete's 2026 Q1 Crimeware Report

Harness Arete’s unique data and expertise on extortion and ransomware to inform your response to the evolving threat landscape.

Article

CMS Vulnerability Leads to ClickFix Campaign

Threat actors compromised at least 700 education and technology websites in a recent ClickFix campaign by exploiting a critical SQL injection flaw (CVE-2026-26980) in the Ghost content management system (CMS). Adversaries combined the vulnerability with the ClickFix social engineering tactic to steal admin keys and inject a malicious JavaScript that delivers a fake Cloudflare or CAPTCHA verification pop-up, tricking victims into copying and pasting a malicious command into their systems.

What’s Notable and Unique

  • Rather than targeting the end user first, this campaign is unique in its initial exploitation of the system, followed by social engineering attempts. This hybrid attack style is likely being leveraged to bypass traditional defenses.

  • This recent campaign also highlights how trusted web properties can be weaponized at scale and coupled with unpatched CMS vulnerabilities. Rather than using the CMS compromise to perpetrate a single attack, threat actors turned it into a supply-chain attack that ultimately affected over 700 trusted websites.

Analyst Comments

As network defenders and their tools enhance threat detection capabilities, adversaries increasingly seek methods to bypass these defenses. By combining vulnerability exploitation, social engineering techniques, and staging for ancillary attacks, this campaign successfully bypassed traditional defenses and inflicted significant impact. Defending against hybrid cyberattacks requires comprehensive security controls beyond simply patching vulnerabilities. Organizations should focus on limiting movement within the environment, detecting abuse of trusted applications, and preventing end-user manipulation.

Sources

  • 700+ education and tech websites hijacked in huge ClickFix malware campaign

  • Under the engineering hood: Why Malwarebytes chose WordPress as its CMS

  • Think before you Click(Fix): Analyzing the ClickFix social engineering technique

  • Ghost CMS Vulnerability Exploited to Infect 700 Sites With ClickFix Malware