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Scattered Spider Adapts to Evolving Threat Landscaped

Arete Analysis

As Arete reported in last week’s article, RansomHub emerged as a new Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) operation in early 2024 and has already targeted several high-profile victims, including telecom giant Frontier Communications and Christie’s auction house. According to a recent analysis, at least one affiliate of RansomHub is a present or former member of the Scattered Spider threat group and previously worked with ALPHV/BlackCat prior to its shutdown. According to the report, the RansomHub affiliate was observed using the same tools, tactics, and techniques previously used by a Scattered Spider threat actor.   

  • These tools include ngrok for remote access, remote desktop client Remmina, and Tailscale virtual private network (VPN) service.

  • Similar tactics included the use of social engineering by individuals with American accents to manipulate victims into resetting account passwords. 

Scattered Spider: #OpenToWork      

Scattered Spider—also known by several other names, including Octo Tempest, Oktapus, Scattered Swine, and UNC3944—is a sophisticated threat group that has been active since at least May 2022. The group is known to conduct solo exfiltration-based extortion attacks and work within the affiliate structure of the now-defunct ALPHV RaaS. As an affiliate of ALPHV, Scattered Spider gained notoriety after its alleged attack on Caesars Entertainment and MGM Resorts in late 2023.  

Law enforcement operations against ALPHV in December 2023 eventually led to the RaaS group shutting down its operations in March 2024. RansomHub was one of the emerging RaaS groups that took advantage of the pool of ex-ALPHV affiliates and began posting recruiting advertisements on Dark Web forums that referenced ALPHV’s struggles and offered a generous 90/10 payment split for new affiliates. 

Evolving Tactics – Scattered Spider Getting SaaSy  

In addition to Scattered Spider reportedly aligning with RansomHub, separate reporting indicated that the group has been focusing on data theft extortion without using ransomware, expanding tactics to include data theft from software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. In the past, Scattered Spider was known to leverage compromised credentials and social engineering attacks via phishing and SIM swapping to gain access to victim networks. However, Scattered Spider threat actors recently shifted to using stolen credentials to access SaaS applications, including vCenter, CyberArk, SalesForce, Azure, CrowdStrike, Amazon Web Service (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). After gaining access to a victim’s environment, they use legitimate cloud syncing tools to move victim data to services like AWS and GCP.  

Analyst Comments  

Law enforcement operations against large RaaS groups like ALPHV and LockBit in 2024 created a fractured ransomware landscape, but groups like Scattered Spider are finding ways to adapt their operations and tactics. Although recent reports seem to portray conflicting tactics of data theft and ransomware, both are aligned with previous Scattered Spider operations. The group remains opportunistic, operating independently in data theft-only attacks, as well as aligning with RaaS groups. Given RansomHub’s focus on recruiting ex-APLHV affiliates, it makes sense that Scattered Spider would pivot between affiliate structures and work with the emerging RaaS, particularly given the lucrative affiliate terms promised on RansomHub’s recruitment posts. Although its tactics or affiliations may shift, Scattered Spider will likely remain a dynamic threat group and pivot to the opportunities that meet its evolving needs.   

Sources  

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Article

Europol Disrupts AudiA6 Crypto Laundering Service

European authorities have dismantled AudiA6, a major cryptocurrency laundering service linked to ransomware groups and broader cybercriminal networks. Between 2022 and 2025, the platform is believed to have processed over €336 million in illicit funds, enabling threat actors to obscure financial trails and monetize cybercrime proceeds. Its operators are also suspected of running Dark2Web, a dark web forum that facilitated collaboration, services, and connections among cybercriminals globally. This development underscores the expanding role of sophisticated, large-scale cryptocurrency laundering services in sustaining the cybercrime economy, enabling threat actors to obscure illicit funds and evade regulatory controls.

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Following law enforcement disruption of Cryptex and Garantex, AudiA6 emerged as another platform involved in financial activities linked to ransomware groups. Investigators believe that AudiA6 became a central hub for cybercriminals seeking to launder stolen digital assets while obscuring the transaction trail from authorities.

  • On June 10, 2026, a coordinated operation resulted in two arrests in Georgia, the dismantling of key infrastructure (30+ servers, 25 domains), the freezing or seizure of over €778,000 in crypto, and the takedown of the AudiA6 and Dark2Web platforms. 

Analyst Comments

Ransomware groups and cybercriminal networks are increasingly leveraging sophisticated techniques, including chain-hopping, decentralized exchanges, and mixer-as-a-service platforms, to rapidly move illicit cryptocurrency across multiple blockchains, effectively obscuring transaction trails. Concurrently, the widespread use of fraudulent exchange accounts, mule wallets, and privacy-enhancing tools has elevated cryptocurrency laundering to a core enabler of the cybercrime ecosystem, allowing actors to bypass anti-money-laundering controls at scale. This investigation identified over 6,000 KYC records linked to money-mule accounts, many of which were tied to Russian-speaking intermediaries specifically recruited to facilitate the movement of illicit proceeds. These threat actors systematically used both commercial and domain-controlled email services to establish mule accounts across multiple cryptocurrency platforms. Collectively, these findings underscore the growing scale, coordination, and professionalization of cryptocurrency-enabled crime, highlighting the critical need for sustained, intelligence-led, and internationally coordinated efforts to disrupt these evolving financial ecosystems.

Sources

  • Ransomware gangs cut off from EUR 336 million ‘AudiA6’ crypto laundering pipeline

Article

Threat Actors Leverage AI for EDR Evasion

A threat actor has developed and deployed a ransomware attack toolkit enhanced with AI-assisted development workflows, enabling automated Active Directory (AD) discovery and improved EDR evasion capabilities. The toolkit leverages agent-based AI systems, such as Claude’s Opus and Cursor agents, for iterative malware development, testing, and refinement. 

What’s Notable and Unique 

  • Researchers have highlighted that this toolkit can not only generate ransomware code but also bypass sophisticated security defenses and identify AD networks for malware distribution. 

  • The framework incorporates multiple capabilities, including automated AD discovery and reconnaissance mechanisms, iterative EDR testing environments to refine evasion techniques, and a command-and-control (C2) infrastructure that leverages Telegram APIs and Cloudflare redirectors for stealth. 

  • Additionally, some agents were tasked with checking security research and technical posts for various bypass techniques. The agents recognized what was required for reproduction, extracted the techniques, mapped them to the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base of adversary behaviors, set up a test lab, carried out the methodology, and reported the results. 

  • After a few repetitions, the modules seemed to avoid nearly all EDR solutions, despite the agent’s initial suggestion of a high failure rate. Although researchers found no evidence that AI was embedded in deployed malware or was operating independently in victim environments, the technology was still used to accelerate the iterative process of developing, testing, and refining payloads against security products, shortening the period between the publication of offensive security research and its practical implementation by threat actors. 

Analyst Comments 

AI-driven tools like this could accelerate the pace and sophistication of ransomware attacks, enabling even relatively inexperienced actors to launch high-impact campaigns. This development underscores the urgent need for security solutions to adapt to AI-assisted threats. Organizations must respond by strengthening detection engineering, improving visibility across environments, and maintaining robust security fundamentals.  

Sources 

  • AI-built ransomware toolkit automates EDR evasion, AD discovery  

  • Pointing a Cursor at evading detection

Article

Arete's 2026 Q1 Crimeware Report

Harness Arete’s unique data and expertise on extortion and ransomware to inform your response to the evolving threat landscape.

Article

CMS Vulnerability Leads to ClickFix Campaign

Threat actors compromised at least 700 education and technology websites in a recent ClickFix campaign by exploiting a critical SQL injection flaw (CVE-2026-26980) in the Ghost content management system (CMS). Adversaries combined the vulnerability with the ClickFix social engineering tactic to steal admin keys and inject a malicious JavaScript that delivers a fake Cloudflare or CAPTCHA verification pop-up, tricking victims into copying and pasting a malicious command into their systems.

What’s Notable and Unique

  • Rather than targeting the end user first, this campaign is unique in its initial exploitation of the system, followed by social engineering attempts. This hybrid attack style is likely being leveraged to bypass traditional defenses.

  • This recent campaign also highlights how trusted web properties can be weaponized at scale and coupled with unpatched CMS vulnerabilities. Rather than using the CMS compromise to perpetrate a single attack, threat actors turned it into a supply-chain attack that ultimately affected over 700 trusted websites.

Analyst Comments

As network defenders and their tools enhance threat detection capabilities, adversaries increasingly seek methods to bypass these defenses. By combining vulnerability exploitation, social engineering techniques, and staging for ancillary attacks, this campaign successfully bypassed traditional defenses and inflicted significant impact. Defending against hybrid cyberattacks requires comprehensive security controls beyond simply patching vulnerabilities. Organizations should focus on limiting movement within the environment, detecting abuse of trusted applications, and preventing end-user manipulation.

Sources

  • 700+ education and tech websites hijacked in huge ClickFix malware campaign

  • Under the engineering hood: Why Malwarebytes chose WordPress as its CMS

  • Think before you Click(Fix): Analyzing the ClickFix social engineering technique

  • Ghost CMS Vulnerability Exploited to Infect 700 Sites With ClickFix Malware