Article
Fundamentals of Ransomware: What to Do Before and After Ransomware Strikes
Arete Analysis

By Raj Sivaraju
Amid the pandemic and as more people began working from home via unsecure networks, India saw a 31 percent rise in ransomware attacks.[i] What’s more, according to the Sophos “State of Ransomware 2020” study, of 300 Indian companies surveyed, 82 percent said they’d been hit by ransomware, with average ransom payments of approximately ₹80M.[ii]
Those numbers don’t bode well, especially as success is known to breed success. And don’t ransomware operators know it. There’s no reason for them to quit while they’re ahead — unless you give them one.
For now, the best way to combat this upward trend is to understand what you need to do before and after a ransomware attacks happens.
How to prepare: Get ready for ransomware before it strikes
Before a ransom note arrives and you see your business suddenly grind to a halt, there are actions you can take to limit your risk.
Get cyber insurance. Make sure you have cyber insurance. Ransomware attacks can get expensive fast — and for many, cyber insurance can be a business saver. Not only is there the extortion element to consider, but also the indirect costs of business disruption, reputational damage, data loss, data recovery, and potentially, diminished customer trust. Most regular insurance policies will not cover cyber risk exposure. So, speak to the experts and find out what your policy needs to keep you as safe and covered as possible.
Assess cybersecurity. If you aren’t already, start conducting annual audits and assessments of your environment so that you are aware of your company’s cybersecurity maturity and resilience levels, including potential security gaps.
Harden security posture. Consider deploying endpoint protection to all endpoints across your organization that could be potential gateways for malware attacks — there are some powerful endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools available on the market. Additionally, consider the latest technologies with behavioral artificial intelligence (AI) and fileless identification as well as containment tools.
Write an incident response plan and enlist assistance. Make sure to engage with a specialized third-party incident response vendor who not only will be on standby if an attack occurs but can also provide incident response preparedness training and design and guide you through tabletop exercises. Much like you would run fire drills in physical office spaces, it’s important to conduct simulation activities for incident response.
Dos and don’ts when ransomware hits
Now, let’s say you’ve been hit by ransomware. Here’s a checklist of what you should do — and of equal importance, what you should not do.
The dos:
Call your insurance carrier and third-party incident response vendor.
Remove infected systems from the network, take them offline.
Follow the instructions in the ransom note related to powering off systems.
Preserve all data from systems, firewalls, VPNs, proxy logs for forensic analysis.
Deploy advanced endpoint protection to all systems.
Dependent on organizational size, plan for a full return to normal operations to take up to two weeks.
The don’ts:
Do not panic. If you’ve done the pre-work and already set up your response teams, you can rest assured that they will react fast to triage, mitigate, negotiate, restore, all the things they’ve been trained to handle.
Do not shut down, power cycle, or reboot any infected systems.
Do not contact the threat actor yourself or try to negotiate. Leave this to your incident response vendor.
Do not wipe or re-image any systems as the forensic experts will need these for their investigation.
Do not rely on antivirus solutions, which failed to stop the ransomware.
Do not assume that once a decryptor is purchased that it’s all downhill from there.
Overview of Arete incident response
Arete has worked thousands of ransomware cases. When engaged, our incident response team focuses on getting your business back up and running as quickly as possible.
Step one is a scoping call to collect as many details as possible about the incident and begin collaborating with your insurance carrier to establish next steps for the investigation. Often, our incident response team will also be quick to deploy SentinelOne, an industry-leading EDR solution to clean and protect your environment — and help ensure that the threat actors do not re-encrypt systems after restoration.
If at any point you and your insurance carrier determine that paying a ransom is the most effective way to resolve the issue and return to normal business operations, our team will communicate with the bad actor on your behalf to negotiate a settlement.
With access regained, the team will assist in attack analysis and critical system restoration, bringing varied skill sets to deliver:
Data-driven security architecture review and recommendations.
Decryption and data recovery assistance.
IT infrastructure restoration and rebuilds.
Collection and preservation of forensic evidence.
Security improvements to limit or eliminate unauthorized access to networks, endpoints, and data.
Combined, these services can help you regain and maintain control of systems and assets, improve your cybersecurity going forward, and gather insights to prevent future incidents.
India’s unique opportunity: The time to get ahead of ransomware attacks is now
It’s time to be proactive. India is undergoing a digital transformation, which presents an opportunity to get ahead of this trend by educating employees, assessing security gaps, putting the right protections in place from the start, and having a clear and well-rehearsed incident response plan in place.
[i] Ransomware attacks rose by 31% amid pandemic: Report- The New Indian Express
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Europol Disrupts AudiA6 Crypto Laundering Service
European authorities have dismantled AudiA6, a major cryptocurrency laundering service linked to ransomware groups and broader cybercriminal networks. Between 2022 and 2025, the platform is believed to have processed over €336 million in illicit funds, enabling threat actors to obscure financial trails and monetize cybercrime proceeds. Its operators are also suspected of running Dark2Web, a dark web forum that facilitated collaboration, services, and connections among cybercriminals globally. This development underscores the expanding role of sophisticated, large-scale cryptocurrency laundering services in sustaining the cybercrime economy, enabling threat actors to obscure illicit funds and evade regulatory controls.
What’s Notable and Unique
Following law enforcement disruption of Cryptex and Garantex, AudiA6 emerged as another platform involved in financial activities linked to ransomware groups. Investigators believe that AudiA6 became a central hub for cybercriminals seeking to launder stolen digital assets while obscuring the transaction trail from authorities.
On June 10, 2026, a coordinated operation resulted in two arrests in Georgia, the dismantling of key infrastructure (30+ servers, 25 domains), the freezing or seizure of over €778,000 in crypto, and the takedown of the AudiA6 and Dark2Web platforms.
Analyst Comments
Ransomware groups and cybercriminal networks are increasingly leveraging sophisticated techniques, including chain-hopping, decentralized exchanges, and mixer-as-a-service platforms, to rapidly move illicit cryptocurrency across multiple blockchains, effectively obscuring transaction trails. Concurrently, the widespread use of fraudulent exchange accounts, mule wallets, and privacy-enhancing tools has elevated cryptocurrency laundering to a core enabler of the cybercrime ecosystem, allowing actors to bypass anti-money-laundering controls at scale. This investigation identified over 6,000 KYC records linked to money-mule accounts, many of which were tied to Russian-speaking intermediaries specifically recruited to facilitate the movement of illicit proceeds. These threat actors systematically used both commercial and domain-controlled email services to establish mule accounts across multiple cryptocurrency platforms. Collectively, these findings underscore the growing scale, coordination, and professionalization of cryptocurrency-enabled crime, highlighting the critical need for sustained, intelligence-led, and internationally coordinated efforts to disrupt these evolving financial ecosystems.
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A threat actor has developed and deployed a ransomware attack toolkit enhanced with AI-assisted development workflows, enabling automated Active Directory (AD) discovery and improved EDR evasion capabilities. The toolkit leverages agent-based AI systems, such as Claude’s Opus and Cursor agents, for iterative malware development, testing, and refinement.
What’s Notable and Unique
Researchers have highlighted that this toolkit can not only generate ransomware code but also bypass sophisticated security defenses and identify AD networks for malware distribution.
The framework incorporates multiple capabilities, including automated AD discovery and reconnaissance mechanisms, iterative EDR testing environments to refine evasion techniques, and a command-and-control (C2) infrastructure that leverages Telegram APIs and Cloudflare redirectors for stealth.
Additionally, some agents were tasked with checking security research and technical posts for various bypass techniques. The agents recognized what was required for reproduction, extracted the techniques, mapped them to the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base of adversary behaviors, set up a test lab, carried out the methodology, and reported the results.
After a few repetitions, the modules seemed to avoid nearly all EDR solutions, despite the agent’s initial suggestion of a high failure rate. Although researchers found no evidence that AI was embedded in deployed malware or was operating independently in victim environments, the technology was still used to accelerate the iterative process of developing, testing, and refining payloads against security products, shortening the period between the publication of offensive security research and its practical implementation by threat actors.
Analyst Comments
AI-driven tools like this could accelerate the pace and sophistication of ransomware attacks, enabling even relatively inexperienced actors to launch high-impact campaigns. This development underscores the urgent need for security solutions to adapt to AI-assisted threats. Organizations must respond by strengthening detection engineering, improving visibility across environments, and maintaining robust security fundamentals.
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Threat actors compromised at least 700 education and technology websites in a recent ClickFix campaign by exploiting a critical SQL injection flaw (CVE-2026-26980) in the Ghost content management system (CMS). Adversaries combined the vulnerability with the ClickFix social engineering tactic to steal admin keys and inject a malicious JavaScript that delivers a fake Cloudflare or CAPTCHA verification pop-up, tricking victims into copying and pasting a malicious command into their systems.
What’s Notable and Unique
Rather than targeting the end user first, this campaign is unique in its initial exploitation of the system, followed by social engineering attempts. This hybrid attack style is likely being leveraged to bypass traditional defenses.
This recent campaign also highlights how trusted web properties can be weaponized at scale and coupled with unpatched CMS vulnerabilities. Rather than using the CMS compromise to perpetrate a single attack, threat actors turned it into a supply-chain attack that ultimately affected over 700 trusted websites.
Analyst Comments
As network defenders and their tools enhance threat detection capabilities, adversaries increasingly seek methods to bypass these defenses. By combining vulnerability exploitation, social engineering techniques, and staging for ancillary attacks, this campaign successfully bypassed traditional defenses and inflicted significant impact. Defending against hybrid cyberattacks requires comprehensive security controls beyond simply patching vulnerabilities. Organizations should focus on limiting movement within the environment, detecting abuse of trusted applications, and preventing end-user manipulation.
Sources
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